The Path to Autonomous Frac
00;00;00;02 - 00;00;18;19
Unknown
Welcome to energy 101. Today we have Raleigh and Ben from next year. Ever heard of him? I have. But, you know, I want to get to know a little bit more about the company. What y'all do. It really sounds like a lot. And I'm hoping that you, Ben, have the power to elegantly unpack it all in 60s.
00;00;18;20 - 00;00;23;05
Unknown
Go. Wow. That's quite a challenge. That's a good time.
00;00;23;07 - 00;00;42;15
Unknown
No. No. I appreciate you having us on. I want to say I followed you guys for a while. So excited to, to be on and talk. So. Yeah, I've been with next year now for about eight going on nine years. And you're right, there's there's a lot that exists within the company. So we're, we're a part of a wider company called Patterson Utai.
00;00;42;17 - 00;01;02;22
Unknown
Patterson II was a, you know, a huge drilling company that had a breadth of different services underneath it. And in 2023, next year merged. So now we're kind of all of us are one big, happy family, underneath the Patterson beauty brand. But next year specifically, is what we call the the completion side of Patterson.
00;01;02;23 - 00;01;26;06
Unknown
New tie, meaning that we handle all of the services needed for a customer. Your ExxonMobil's, your Chevron's, all your employees of the world to complete wells. Right? So we provide hydraulic fracturing services, wireline, and pump down services, sand logistics, chemicals and natural gas, basically all the things that you really need in order to complete a.
00;01;26;06 - 00;01;57;23
Unknown
Well. And then most recently, we now are building and providing the software needed to manage those locations. So, yeah, there's there's quite a bit that is, there within the next to your brand these days when I hear all those things put together. I always, I always hear the opposite to, like, when it comes to oil and gas, all those little things you name that next year does can be their own companies, where they're going to be a website and someone comes in to drill, someone comes in just for the sand, just for the water, like, and it's like all these companies, right?
00;01;57;26 - 00;02;19;19
Unknown
So obvi, I'm assuming there's a benefit to trying to own all those as much as possible. Which makes me feel like that's what the majors are, right? Like Exxon and Chevron. Like, they have everything you can imagine under one roof. Is it similar to a major or more of like, a mid tier? Like what level are we looking at and is it the most efficient, best way to approach it?
00;02;19;23 - 00;02;55;02
Unknown
Yeah, it's actually a great question because you're absolutely right. I mean, there are other service companies, that just do one or maybe even two of those things. I think it's always it's always been the next to your philosophy that the more that you can connect and integrate on location, the more efficient the operation can be. And if you're more efficient in the field, then ultimately you can provide more value to the end customer, whether that is better productivity, more cost effective operations, which those are usually your two leading, leading factors.
00;02;55;09 - 00;03;31;01
Unknown
But ultimately our job is to work together as a more cohesive unit in order to deliver the customer better. Wells. Right. And in order to do that, it just makes sense that you have crews that are basically all wearing the same coveralls. They're all working towards the same goal. And even beyond that, whenever you get down into the equipment themselves, that the equipment are all operating on the same platform, that makes things like automation as well as, you know, passing simple things to and from different pieces of equipment a lot easier and a lot better to kind of customize for that customer experience.
00;03;31;03 - 00;03;51;08
Unknown
But ultimately, for us, I think integration just comes down to having a common call. You have everybody on location working towards a common goal that's aligned with the customer, and then you can execute. And that's what at next year, I think that we've kind of perfected over these past years and holistically safety. You know, when you don't when everyone follows the same kind of thing, less people are at risk.
00;03;51;15 - 00;04;14;10
Unknown
Absolutely. Like even today, safety is still the number one thing, right? We have the same safety program governing everything that we do across the entirety of location. Right. So we know doesn't matter if you are driving a truck that's delivering sand or you're a frack engineer that's calling a job on location, everybody has the same safety goal and is governed by the same policies and the same standards that we expect.
00;04;14;12 - 00;04;33;19
Unknown
It doesn't matter what your job role is. So we're not going to see any videos of next year. People on a slack line, tripping pipe or anything. No, sir. No. You will not. Well, I will continue to see those on Twitter, but on so I mean, it's getting, getting a gig next year. Sounds pretty good. Sounds like you got you need to have experience to get to that level.
00;04;33;19 - 00;04;56;21
Unknown
So what is the background here? Like what? Like y'all are in the office now. But y'all, y'all used to get your hands dirty back in the day, right? Very much so. Yeah. I'd say I probably have a nontraditional background when it comes to what I currently do, which is run the digital business for next year. So I don't have any sort of classic software engineering or coding background.
00;04;56;21 - 00;05;21;22
Unknown
So I was a field engineer. I came from a small town outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. And I grew up basically with Halliburton in my backyard. One of their biggest, service camps at the time was in a little town called Homer City. And they were there for as long as I can remember. So I've always had kind of that office backgrounds just around me.
00;05;21;24 - 00;05;40;27
Unknown
So whenever I went to school, I was I remember I was a junior in college and I started shifting over to Reservoir Engineering, and I just knew this is where I wanted to go. And then I remember going to a, a recruiting event, and Halliburton was there, along with several other office companies, and, they gave their presentation.
00;05;40;27 - 00;05;58;28
Unknown
I was blown away. I walked up to the man and I said, hey, I want to do the most technical thing possible. He was like, you need to go to wireline. And I'm like, sold. Come to find out, that was the division manager for wireline, so he kind of sold me there. But, I don't think that. I don't think that's the most technical.
00;05;59;01 - 00;06;23;26
Unknown
Well, us, legacy wireline engineers would argue that, but. Yeah. But no, we, And that really was how I got started. So I was a wireline field engineer. I got to see a whole bunch of different places. Got to travel all around the country. But spent almost a decade in field operations. So whether that was working on, well, sites in a variety of different ways, but then eventually moved into operations management.
00;06;23;28 - 00;06;44;28
Unknown
And, you know, through the years, I've ran operations, I've ran different businesses around the country, even got to do some things overseas. But then started getting more into the technology side of the business. So, I was able to kind of start rolling out new technology for the wireline organization, and start sort of playing with some of the new technologies that were coming out.
00;06;44;28 - 00;07;11;09
Unknown
And this was like 2015 to like 2019. And it was it was a very interesting time because at that time, I would say you had a lot of investment groups and outside parties sort of looking at oil and gas and saying, why aren't you guys keeping up digitally with the rest of the world? And, you know, we're kind of famously or infamously however you want to look at it, a little bit of technical technological laggards when it came to digital.
00;07;11;12 - 00;07;33;01
Unknown
So I started looking at not just downhole tools for wireline, like how we were looking at the reservoir. It was more, how are we running our business or are we doing it the most efficient way? And I remember being on location and, you know, we were we were running a job and in a wireline truck, you know, you have this huge spool of cable that lowers tools in and out of a well.
00;07;33;01 - 00;07;54;15
Unknown
Right? Well, the fanciest way that we could track how long that cable is, which is pretty important measurement was literally cutting it. A guy going at about ten feet and then writing in the book. And that was as fancy as we were at tracking probably the most important piece of equipment that we had on location. I'm like, this is this is this, this is crazy.
00;07;54;17 - 00;08;18;07
Unknown
Like, I cannot believe this is the most technologically advanced thing that we can come up with. So I started really committing myself to business systems, starting with, quote, cash, starting with supply chain systems, maintenance systems, and just start to understand how they work. And then through that transition, I was getting the opportunity to basically build what we call the next hub, which was our remote center that's here in Houston.
00;08;18;10 - 00;08;52;26
Unknown
So that was a center that had remote engineering, remote logistics, and a group of maintenance engineers who were looking at predictive analytics to basically help save our equipment. And that was really my first big deep dive into how to use digital tools to change an operation. Through that experience, I gained a lot more knowledge on how to build software, how to implement software, and how to really gain business value from software, which sort of led me to where I am today, which is sort of leading this new digital business that next year has built.
00;08;52;28 - 00;09;12;24
Unknown
So, you know, what a lot of people don't realize is, even though that we are, you know, stereotypically, you know, very field focused people, right? The field is the most important part of our operation. Right? People are men and women working hard day in and day out, shift work, you name it. That will never go away. Right.
00;09;12;24 - 00;09;37;18
Unknown
That's still the the the kind of the heartbeat of our operation. But what sits behind that? What sits in our equipment? What sits in the cloud? What sits in our data? Vance is a lot of complicated and intricate software that probably goes against the traditional stereotype of what people would call the oil field. Right. And, you know, some some shows that are recently out there, one in particular probably didn't help with that that much.
00;09;37;21 - 00;09;54;16
Unknown
But, I think the technological advancements that we made over the last five years have really enabled us to kind of take that software and understand that there's a huge gap in the market. And right now, my team is focused on developing those tools and basically putting them in our customer's hands in order to provide more value.
00;09;54;16 - 00;10;14;20
Unknown
Right. So it's a lot of the things that we've been using in the background that really just haven't been brought forward. And that's that's my job today. So it's been a pretty exciting ride. Yeah. Yeah. So we don't pull, we don't just measure and guess the length of wire anymore. We, we fix that. No, no. And we also figure out how not to measure tanks with this tech anymore, too.
00;10;14;20 - 00;10;34;16
Unknown
So that's that's the other big one that always got me. Oh, wow. Yeah, I love I love the conversation. There's like a mix take on that. It's like I always compare it to like, what people say about government. Like they're still using windows 94 or whatever. Like, I hear the same thing about oil and gas still today. But then there's people like you who are like, no, we're killing it.
00;10;34;16 - 00;10;48;23
Unknown
And we we updated our shit and we're not like that anymore. Yeah. I mean, I'm not going to say it's perfect. It never is, right? There's always still people who are mainly tracking things on paper. I mean, I still do it. I can't get rid of my notebook. I still have it to do list that's handwritten in my entire team.
00;10;48;23 - 00;11;13;12
Unknown
Makes fun of me for it. But it's, you know, there's still things that we can do in order to enhance processes and to make things more visible, not just for our own employees, but for our customers and for the industry as a whole, as a whole. So I don't think we're ever going to stop building. But I think as long as we're building simple, practical and useful tools that are valuable not just for our own companies, but for our customers.
00;11;13;14 - 00;11;32;24
Unknown
This acceleration in this trend is going to continue, which is what I really try to push for constantly. Yeah. So, Raleigh, we didn't get into your background. You also got your hands dirty and earned your way up to the next tier family, right? Yes, yes. What's that background? Look like? So I also had a pretty unconventional background coming into the oil field.
00;11;32;24 - 00;11;58;29
Unknown
So, I studied, computer science at Mississippi State. So really, I should be working for Ben. But I don't currently. And. Yeah. And, I was recruited at Mississippi State by next year, right before the, the merger with Patterson UTC, to come on as a field engineer. And I guess somehow I saw the writing on the wall with AI or something, and I was like, I'm all in.
00;11;58;29 - 00;12;18;06
Unknown
And so I came on as a field engineer, in the Eagle Ford in South Texas. I grew up in Georgia, so I had I mean, we thought gas came from the gas plant. You know, I had I was in way over my head. I had no idea what was going on. But I stuck with it, and, I had some really awesome people.
00;12;18;06 - 00;12;42;03
Unknown
And next year, you know, support me and and believe in me. And, I ended up falling in love with it and figuring out what was going on, and, and and really, really enjoying it and learning so much. And then about a year in, I got a call, and they asked me if I would come establish a new role in marketing, in Houston.
00;12;42;05 - 00;13;06;25
Unknown
And I was like, well, I don't know anything about that either. But, you know, how why don't I learn, as many different things as I can? So so that's kind of what I've been doing, for the past couple of years is, you know, supporting, you know, marketing and sales efforts at next year. And so, recently I've been doing a lot of work with thins team and all the new technologies and everything we've been working on.
00;13;06;25 - 00;13;25;04
Unknown
You know, my I'm a, I'm a computer computer girl at heart. So that's some of my favorite stuff to work on. And it's, it's very fun, exciting stuff. Definitely new and interesting in the market. It makes my job easy. So it's it's been great. So did you grow up in Mississippi or Louisiana? I grew up in Georgia.
00;13;25;04 - 00;13;42;08
Unknown
Georgia. Okay. Yes. Oh. South adjacent. Yeah. Pretty much the same place. Yeah. I'm from Louisiana, so I can, Okay, cool. Okay. Saying that, but so there's a couple of, funny, like, correlations here. Like, you grew up in the South. I mean, you say you don't have, like, a gas game for the pump, whatever. But then you grew up in Pittsburgh, right?
00;13;42;08 - 00;13;58;12
Unknown
So it's like gas country up there. You know, we don't talk about the eagle fern a lot. Where is it? It's like southern Louisiana and kind of Texas. Yeah. South Texas okay. In South Texas it's like is so is this like a current big basin? Like everyone's like up. It's like it's still up and going. It's active. Yeah.
00;13;58;12 - 00;14;23;16
Unknown
Very active. Yeah. Is it gas oil or both. What's the both okay. Both depending on where you're at depends on the ratio that you're dealing with. But it's both. Yeah. Okay. So yeah maybe you don't have the like understanding like you weren't connected or had people in the family to like, have, you know, like you, you were sitting on one of the many basins that you know would grow and prosper, but then you're in Pittsburgh where, you know, pre-sale revolution.
00;14;23;16 - 00;14;45;04
Unknown
Right? So like, I don't did you have the background growing up? Like, kind of like being away or having family in the industry and not even close, right. My my mother worked for an insurance company out of a small town called Altoona, and my dad was a music professor at a college in my hometown. Okay. So you don't have, like a perception pre-sell revolution or were you in it around the time maybe.
00;14;45;06 - 00;15;03;28
Unknown
No, I mean, the I really didn't have one. Honestly, the, the only thing I saw and I remember as a kid growing up or a bunch of guys driving these huge trucks, and I was like, I want to drive one of those trucks. Little did you know, they're driving two hours south and rainy. Yeah, they cold weather that they missed those in the details of the job description?
00;15;03;28 - 00;15;21;13
Unknown
No, no, it was like I, I knew it was there. And, you know, I had a very different brain than my, my parents were. They were the creative ones. I was like, you know, give me math and science. You know, you couldn't pay me enough to write a one page essay, but I could write a 50 page lab report with my eyes closed.
00;15;21;15 - 00;15;40;16
Unknown
So I just, I just gravitated towards those professions. But, it's like I knew of it. Did I know the intricacies of it? No. And I learned that, you know, through a lot of the outreach that my college professors basically did. So I went to the University of Pittsburgh. Hail Tippett. I'm saying that from my Penn State people out there.
00;15;40;18 - 00;16;00;16
Unknown
And, you know, their their petroleum department was basically being built whenever I was there. It wasn't a fully fledged program yet. So it was like a certificate that you could get. So I was a chemical engineer, actually, by education up until my junior year, and then started to transition and take classes to get a reservoir certificate.
00;16;00;19 - 00;16;30;13
Unknown
And then I remember my, my professor, then he brought in, someone who had basically worked on the wells in Kuwait whenever they caught fire. And he just told us about his experience, and all the travel and just basically all of the things that you had to do. And it was something about something about the aggressive problem solving is what I'll have to say in that challenge that he talked about, that he had to face daily, sort of what attracted me to the industry.
00;16;30;15 - 00;16;48;23
Unknown
And then just the fact that this is an industry that we need to survive. Right? So you're not just solving problems that just get you to the next day. It might feel like that sometimes, but in the end, the bigger picture is if we stop doing what we do, the world stops. And there's something very rewarding in that.
00;16;48;23 - 00;17;08;20
Unknown
You know, no matter what side of the business you're in, whether you're in the field, whether you're in tech or, heck, if you're even in supply chain, right? If you stop, the world will stop. So just getting that introduction early on in my education just kind of cemented that this is where I wanted to be. And then when I got in the field and I saw everything for the first time, I'm like, oh yeah, I'm gonna I'm gonna really enjoy this.
00;17;08;20 - 00;17;26;00
Unknown
And I have ever since. Yeah. That's awesome. We get so many people who are like, you know, like, oh, you know, energy security and like all these talking points of being like, we're so important like this, but like saying that the world will stop. That's such a good, like, three word catch phrase. Like, we're definitely gonna put that on a shirt in the next few months.
00;17;26;00 - 00;17;43;03
Unknown
I just wrote it down. I accept royalties, it's fine. Yeah. So you'll get you'll get them in the form of what's. Which is the currency. Yeah. I think it was. That's pretty good. Yeah. People always keep finding ways to, like, pitch the same talking points in a better way. That's a that's a new one. It's an easy one.
00;17;43;03 - 00;18;00;11
Unknown
It's like it is low hanging fruit. I don't know why we haven't thought of that one I love it. Hold on. I want to stick to like Pittsburgh and, you know, show Revolution stuff real quick. So it makes me think about, you know, maybe, you know, maybe you didn't like you weren't seeing what was going on like 20 tens before everything started really rolling out.
00;18;00;14 - 00;18;17;24
Unknown
But you did. You mentioned, like, seeing, like, people in the trucks driving around stuff. And that made me think, like, you know, Pittsburgh is like heartland to like shale in the Marcellus and stuff. Right? Like a lot of people are in that area. You know, Pittsburgh today isn't like a utopia that became wealthy off of all as gas.
00;18;17;24 - 00;18;43;00
Unknown
It's just good old Pittsburgh, good rust, rust belt city. I love it, by the way. Like when it comes to like top three cities, underrated cities in this country. Pittsburgh is definitely in that list. I think it's so charming and unique and it has like that, but still very old school. Like I'm from New Orleans, so I'm used to like buildings being abandoned and like these neighborhoods being all like just random and like no one's walking around and it's kind of weird, but like, I love stuff like that.
00;18;43;00 - 00;19;03;11
Unknown
And so I've been to Pittsburgh a couple times, working for Clyde, and I'm like, this is so cool. Like, you know what? You know? But that ties into the conversation where like, let's say Guyana, for example, right? They're like doing all this crazy drilling offshore, and it's like they're going to start taking in all this money, it's going to corrupt the government and everything's going to change.
00;19;03;14 - 00;19;23;12
Unknown
And, there's a word for that. But like they said, like is like, yeah, maybe that's true, but Pittsburgh, I think I'm like, they're kind of just doing the same thing they've always been doing. Like, have you noticed an actual increase of, like, development in the city or the state of Pennsylvania as a whole because of all this gas, or is it just kind of like a myth?
00;19;23;12 - 00;19;43;12
Unknown
I don't I don't know, no, it's it's good you're starting to hit all the fields there with Pittsburgh. I miss it all every day. No, I agree. I think it really depends on what area that you're in. I mean, you're going to see like downtown or Denton the way Pittsburgh people say it, right? They you might not see it every day down there.
00;19;43;12 - 00;20;00;12
Unknown
Right. But what you do, where you do see it is sort of on the outskirts. So I like where I'm from. Right. You're you you see pockets of people and in the smaller towns that really where a lot of the, the workers come from, the field workers come from, you start to get bigger and I've seen that change over the years.
00;20;00;12 - 00;20;25;16
Unknown
Right. So I, I was in the field in 2010, 2010 through like 2016, 2017, in that area. And I mean, the infrastructure that was built in that time frame with the shale boom is insane. And it's still there. What I think is going to be interesting is to see, whenever they start really constructing all the new data centers that are going to be going up in that those same areas, what that's going to be.
00;20;25;16 - 00;20;42;05
Unknown
Right. I think, I think right now it's probably leveled off a little bit with the amount of activity that they have in that area. It's still high, right? It's not like it's shrinking or anything like that. But I think you're going to see another step change with the data centers being built to kind of use the natural gas that's being produced in that area.
00;20;42;10 - 00;20;59;05
Unknown
I think you're going to see another significant step change, like we did with the shale boom in the northeast. But you know where that actually happens? I mean, who knows, right. It's going to be in whatever small towns that, you know, those data centers pop up in. And then you're going to see more infrastructure being built. But yeah, I saw it being built firsthand.
00;20;59;05 - 00;21;16;26
Unknown
So like it's it was it was exciting to see and I think it's retained. But you know, we'll see over the next like 3 to 5 years as they really start constructing these new massive data centers and PA like where those are going to go and what that's going to do to everybody. Yeah. Thanks for increasing this streak of data center mentioned in podcast.
00;21;17;03 - 00;21;37;02
Unknown
That's my 110 and we can not have to bring it up again then. Honestly. Yeah I've been jumping on it, but it's literally been so many episodes in a row that we can just that's the last time we can mention it. Unless you got a hot take. Raleigh, I do not know. Hot takes. All right. Well, let's let's kind of convert back to the 101, talking points.
00;21;37;02 - 00;21;56;11
Unknown
I mean, I hear the word completions a lot, and I don't think I ever really got the dumbed down version of it. I mean, someone's drilling in the ground, they get it, they get the pressure flow and everything is flowing, yada, yada. Now you got to, like, move the rig, put something else there is at the completion. Like what exactly is that process?
00;21;56;11 - 00;22;16;29
Unknown
I mean, yeah, you're not far off, right? So we, we, we come in after the rig is gone. Right. So basically you have a well it has casing, right. That's the pipe that keeps everything together. And then we move in our equipment, which is primarily fracking equipment. So that's we they're frack pumps. Depending on what you want, there could be 20.
00;22;17;00 - 00;22;32;24
Unknown
Could be 40. Just depends on what the customer wants. And then there's a variety of other, services that go on with that. Those are the other services that I mentioned. Wireline, the logistics side sand like basically everything that you need to do what we call complete the well, by that we mean you're going to frack it, right?
00;22;32;24 - 00;22;49;24
Unknown
And all the associated things that you need to do there in order to frack the well. So if you think about it, you know, down in the earth, you have rock that essentially has these little deposits of oil and gas. Right? Think of it like, like a sponge, but instead of having just vacant cavities, those cavities are filled with oil and gas.
00;22;49;26 - 00;23;18;03
Unknown
Well, you need to kind of put little cracks between each of the poorest parts in the rock so it could all come out. So that's essentially what fracking does, right? So we supply the equipment and the expertise, in order to basically create those cracks. And we do that by pumping in an, a large amount of fluid, sand, chemicals, whatever the customer would like, into the reservoir through holes that are made by wireline and explosions in order to basically create those cracks.
00;23;18;03 - 00;23;35;16
Unknown
Right. And so once we do that, we do what the customer says, you know, for however long, however much fluid, sand, you name it, we basically then hand the well back over to the customer and their production team comes in and they install everything, and then they turn it on, and then you go from there. So that's what we call completing the well.
00;23;35;16 - 00;23;51;20
Unknown
So that's why we call it completions. Yeah. You mentioned Next Hub as one of the products earlier. What else. What are the like the other product handling. And like I mean you kind of just described like the whole process. So like maybe like, what are y'all doing differently? How would you maybe compare it to, like, what?
00;23;51;25 - 00;24;10;25
Unknown
What you, you know, old versions y'all are replacing. Yeah. No, it's a great question. So yeah. Next hub right is our remote center right. So that's sort of the that was the operational heartbeat, that we had begun building back in kind of 2018 to 2019. And I came into that operation about 2020 and got to build the version of it is today.
00;24;10;28 - 00;24;36;06
Unknown
Right. So that's where we have a collective of engineers who are remotely using our software in order to change operations. And then outside of the equipment services now we have software that we are basically building to not only run our operations, but then give to our customers. So recently we've launched what we call the EOS platform, which is sort of our governing platform for how we manage everything that's on location.
00;24;36;12 - 00;25;06;09
Unknown
Right? So think of it as like, you know, a Salesforce style of of system, right? It's it's a wide breadth of, different applications that are all underneath one roof. Right? Web applications, mobile applications, how we're looking at moving data in and out of customers, cloud environments. But then also, you know, how we are leveraging data science, AI, machine learning in order to basically connect the surface equipment, the things that actually we control.
00;25;06;11 - 00;25;32;28
Unknown
And then the reservoir, right. What the actual reservoir is telling us in return in order to build a better. Well, for the customer. And then the other side of that is the actual control system that we are running now. It's called vertex, right? That's our automated control system that automates our pumps. So the kind of the combination of the EOS platform and vertex is sort of our new and differentiating way that we're looking at how we're sort of elevating our operation.
00;25;32;28 - 00;25;52;27
Unknown
Right. And that's those are all the new software solutions that next year. And what is vertex like. Is it just a software you open up in your center off site, or is it something on site? So great question again. Vertex is actually on site. Right. So vertex is what our operators are in the field using in order to automate the equipment.
00;25;52;29 - 00;26;11;05
Unknown
Think about how you drive your car today. Right. You can set cruise control. You can, you know get it up to a certain speed, set it. In some cases if you're in a Tesla, you could take your hands off the wheel. And then it goes right. So think about the same thing. But you're now doing that with a bunch of frack equipment on location, right?
00;26;11;08 - 00;26;33;27
Unknown
You're also not just doing that with one car or one pump. You're actually doing it with 20 or 40, right? And you're dealing with high pressure 9000, 10,000 psi, right. With a whole bunch of other factors coming in. Right. So, you know, our team has developed a way to automate that whole process, right? So that's what our team in the field is using now from a remote standpoint, like what's in our center, what's in our customers offices.
00;26;33;29 - 00;27;02;22
Unknown
That is the US platform, right? It's their window into how we look at location and how we run our equipment. Right. Which is the kind of the new and improved way that we're running operations. I want to do the comparison to like airplanes. Airplanes have like all these crazy controls and like, buttons and I've heard is because, like, it's redundancies, like you, you need everything to go right on the plane or a lot of bad, expensive, deadly things can happen has a very similar to oil and gas.
00;27;02;22 - 00;27;22;21
Unknown
Right. So isn't it kind of counterintuitive to be like to like, oh, let's one click solution, you know, a drilling rig or 20, you know, frac pumps like how do you I'm assuming, like the old folks maybe aren't actually a fan of that. They like they maybe want the redundancies. They maybe want the friction because the operation is so huge.
00;27;22;23 - 00;27;39;24
Unknown
The I know what everything's not just running to like a click of a button, but what is your thoughts on that kind of comparison? No, I mean it it's good feedback and you know, any time you roll out a new piece of software, it doesn't matter. You know how great it is. There's always pushback. People don't like change, right?
00;27;39;24 - 00;27;58;11
Unknown
I mean, how many times have you seen an app update on your iPhone and you were mad because it wasn't operating the way it used to be, right? I mean, that happens to everybody every day. But yeah, I mean, there are a lot of people, who really trust what they feel and what they know. And I'm, I'm no different.
00;27;58;11 - 00;28;21;20
Unknown
Right. Whenever I was running a wireline truck, you know, I used to want to feel, you know, the winch and how I was moving the truck. And I used to want to, you know, feel everything, because that's what I really trusted, right? Was my own instincts, my own knowledge. I think it's just showing people who are a little bit resistant that what we're doing is in trying to change that feel.
00;28;21;27 - 00;28;41;14
Unknown
It's just trying to make it a little bit faster. Everything that we're doing are data driven models, right? It's we're using historical data. We're actually using how those people, you know, those specialized, you know, pump operators and people who ran this equipment, we're actually using all of their historical data, all the decisions that they made in those critical times.
00;28;41;16 - 00;29;01;18
Unknown
That's actually what we're using to build the models. We're actually trying to kind of replicate that decision making that way. God forbid if those people aren't on location and let's say somebody new comes in and they don't know what to do, the machine can actually make the safe decision and the right decision. Right? So, what we have seen as we roll this platform out is, yeah, we've gotten some resistance.
00;29;01;18 - 00;29;25;09
Unknown
We've got some awesome 20, 25, you know, year experienced hands who really said, no, I'm not I'm not doing this. I don't trust it. And it really only took maybe one shift for them to be like, okay, this is actually this is actually working. So and that's normal. Right? We're used to that. But also those people are some of the best people to get feedback from, because they're going to really tell us if it's really worth it.
00;29;25;16 - 00;29;45;10
Unknown
So those are actually my favorite critics to be quite honest. Yeah. Yeah. While the old the old guys with all the experience may push back on new tech, I'm actually used to being surrounded by the opposite, including one of our co-founders, Chuck Yates. He actually brings this up in a in his podcast, and he brings it up a lot because he's like a broken record.
00;29;45;13 - 00;30;06;07
Unknown
He brings up like a scenario of like, you know, in the future AI is going to do this. And like he's basically saying what y'all's product is. If you're talking about like the machine learning to predict, you know, it's like, is it looking at weather and stuff like that too. Yeah. So there's there's a whole logistics side of the platform, like how we govern, how we move our CNG trucks that are transporting natural gas to location, transporting sand.
00;30;06;09 - 00;30;24;13
Unknown
Yeah, that has to take account of weather, because if we don't, then we don't know how long it's going to take somebody from A to B or if it's even safe for them to do so. So yeah, we we pull from a lot of different sources that you would find maybe not really conventional to oil and gas, but yeah, we we have to take those things into account because they affect our operation.
00;30;24;15 - 00;30;42;03
Unknown
Yeah. So Chuck brings up that even brings up to like a failed hand, like being left handed compared to right handed and like the data, if you're like, oh, this mistake was made 80% more by a southpaw, you know, like that's like the it was it a crazy little details? I don't think we've got that far yet. Yeah.
00;30;42;05 - 00;31;00;29
Unknown
Well this is part of his like scenario like like pipe dream scenario. So yeah y'all don't have to meet that criteria. You may find out by utilizing AI and being able to look at all your correlations, you may find out that you have 25% more, well, failures when you have a left handed pumper. And it may actually be causation.
00;31;00;29 - 00;31;24;18
Unknown
Maybe the tools are, you know, such that it doesn't work. But I always say something stupid like that because the one thing I will allow you to do is literally run iterations instantaneously. But like, that is like kind of the world we're looking at, especially if we talk about like what to what, you know, what's next. Like all these little things that the AI machine learning stuff in the field can actually look at.
00;31;24;21 - 00;31;41;29
Unknown
And it's pretty interesting. Yeah. I mean, and you've you picked up a big one for us, which is how can we help our people in the field basically be more efficient with their jobs. Right. We've we've all of us have heard about the gen AI craze, about, you know, being being able to access more information, being able to have all this stuff at our fingertips.
00;31;41;29 - 00;32;02;24
Unknown
Right. It's basically a fancy search engine at this point. But how do we take that and how do we give it to a mechanic in the field who is driven by keeping equipment running, right, and have them do that at the most efficient way possible? Right. So that's actually a huge focus of ours is actually moving the gen AI craze into more a genetic AI, right?
00;32;02;24 - 00;32;22;26
Unknown
Actual agents that can help them do their job. And then what does that mean for our field workers? Right. And that's, that's I mean, that's that's a huge focus of not only my team but a lot of the team at next year. Yeah, yeah. That's another thing Chuck brings up is like alive alert happening based on the procedures being done per worker.
00;32;22;29 - 00;32;51;07
Unknown
And like, you don't have to like, pull out the, the handbook to read or whatever like that. It will be all live running based on action. Which of course, like I brought up at the beginning, like it all comes down to safety. Like, how can you deny the stuff when it comes to being in the field? Exactly. And honestly, when we started this whole digital transformation journey, with next year, this was like back in like 2017, 2018, that that idea was the basis for the very first application that we built.
00;32;51;08 - 00;33;15;20
Unknown
It was all around our equipment. Right? It was we know how it should be running. All right. Let's compare it in real time to how it's actually running, and then build an alert system that basically told our people in the field from a bird's eye view what was going on so they knew how to attack. Right? Because what they used to have to do is we would pump a stage, would take two hours, three hours, depending on what you were doing.
00;33;15;20 - 00;33;32;11
Unknown
Then they'd stop and then you'd have 45 minutes on a good day to run in there, like literally run up to the equipment, tap on some gauges, check to see if there were any error codes, like literally look at the oil and then fix as much as you could before you had to get out and then you had start again.
00;33;32;14 - 00;33;52;05
Unknown
Right? It's impossible to do that now with how much we're pumping, with how fast we are moving. That is just an impossibility. You need it. And you needed systems in order to kind of have a bird's eye view. So it's an assistant, right? It's it's to help make sure that if you go in there, if you have to in the even in the first place, that you're making the best use of our time.
00;33;52;05 - 00;34;08;02
Unknown
That's the only way we're going to continue to get to the efficiencies that we have today. So yeah, even back then, that was our very first use case. And that actually is what helped build everything else. So we're trying to take that same philosophy and everything that we build. So yeah your founders not wrong. They're they're they're right in the right.
00;34;08;04 - 00;34;27;14
Unknown
Right in the right set. Yeah. That's spot on. Yeah. Let's wrap up one more thing. When it comes to being in the field, something I saw looking up, what y'all are up to is using natural gas over diesel. What exactly is the point of bragging about something like that to maybe a layman who just doesn't understand what fuels what on the field and anywhere in general?
00;34;27;14 - 00;34;48;03
Unknown
Sure. Yeah. I mean, so, like, similar to a digital transformation, we're going through an equipment transformation too. So, you know, a frac pump which consists of basically larger versions of the components that are in your car. There's an engine, there's a transmission, those engines which basically fit in this room, they used to all run on diesel.
00;34;48;10 - 00;35;10;14
Unknown
Right. So very similar to this exact same diesel that you get in like a diesel truck. And what we've seen is we, we've gone through a similar transition that commercial vehicles have gone through where you don't necessarily need to be fueled by only gasoline and diesel. You can now be fueled by natural gas. You can even have electric motors that are using electricity.
00;35;10;16 - 00;35;34;04
Unknown
So, it's advantageous for, let's say, a customer who is producing natural gas in one of their wells to see if they can use that in order to help fuel the fracking equipment that we're using to complete their wells. So, you know, through the, you know, last ten years, we've shifted from only using diesel engines on our pumps to now using engines that can consume both diesel and natural gas.
00;35;34;06 - 00;35;51;19
Unknown
And now we have engines that only use natural gas. And we also have engines that are just electric motors that use electricity. So where to get the natural gas though is the real problem, right. And depending on what area of the country that you're in, depending on what infrastructure you may have, that can be a different problem.
00;35;51;19 - 00;36;13;19
Unknown
It could be a logistics problem, could just be a sourcing problem. You just don't have it in your area. So next year has a division within it called Power Solutions, which started back in 2021, which basically address that problem. Right. So now we're able to actually move natural gas either from a facility, or we're able to process natural gas that's literally on the customer's location.
00;36;13;19 - 00;36;31;12
Unknown
Like think of it. They have a tap turned on. You can get natural gas out of the out of the customer as well, and we can use that process and run our equipment with it. So that's advantageous from a customer's perspective, right? Using their own gas to run a frack frack fleet. But it's also better for the environment.
00;36;31;12 - 00;36;53;12
Unknown
Right. So better emissions using natural gas versus diesel. And there's cost to there's cost savings associated with that too. So that whole business has really taken off, especially as we transition away from more diesel fueled equipment. And now just working on basically majority of what we call natural gas enabled equipment. Right. Is it quieter? Yes. The engines tend to be quieter.
00;36;53;12 - 00;37;10;26
Unknown
Yes, a lot quieter. You go you go. Any drilling rig at least in like it's so loud. And the loudest thing you're hearing is the generators, right. Like it isn't like the drilling or anything necessarily. Like I think all that noise is mostly coming from that. Yeah. So I mean, I know I've been on electric facts and those are way quieter.
00;37;10;26 - 00;37;27;22
Unknown
Yeah. Is that what you're mentioning? What the electric like like, yeah. Electric is quieter for sure. Really depends on what the power sources to. Yeah. What what what do those power sources look like? Well, they can be anything from grids, like microgrids. They can be turbines where basically they just look like really long box trailers.
00;37;27;22 - 00;37;47;18
Unknown
You wouldn't even know what it was because it's all sort of hidden. And those are pretty much those turbines can are usually then fueled by natural gas. And those turbines basically use natural gas. They turn into electric power, which then go to the actual pumps themselves. Right. Okay. I mean, that's what it's funny saying, like something's electric, but it's run on gas.
00;37;47;18 - 00;38;06;06
Unknown
So is it electric like I don't know. Yeah. I mean, the pumps are electric motors. It is an electric fleet. I think that's sort of one of the big kind of giant batteries. No. It's electric. Yeah. Like that's when you. Oh, yeah. But you can't charge a battery using a turbine that's powered by a natural gas. Hence my first comment of the world will stop if we stop it.
00;38;06;06 - 00;38;26;23
Unknown
Don't, don't don't tell anyone that. So let me get a few like logistic understanding. So when you have diesel running on a site, it's like is it like an a giant like tank. Like a propane or diesel liquid. Right. Yeah. Yeah it's liquid. Just so it's like the same thing you get from a, diesel pump that you get at a gas station, but so like a big truck is there you have it underground.
00;38;26;24 - 00;38;46;22
Unknown
Yeah. They're fueling trucks. Okay. So now the natural gas, which is gas, that is that maybe, like, put in a tank on site, or is that also just in a truck? It all depends on us. Yeah, yeah. So it all depends. So if you're getting CNG from, let's say from, from Power Solutions, our division. Right. That's usually filled in trailers and and off site location.
00;38;46;25 - 00;39;16;13
Unknown
And then the trailers will show up. They basically connect to a skid that is designed to process the CNG that's coming directly out of those trailers, and it fuels the pumps directly. Right. Now, if it's fuel gas, which is basically, you know, my, my spigot metaphor, right. That will just feed directly into our basically our skid on location that processes everything and then deals it directly to location or deals it directly to the equipment itself.
00;39;16;16 - 00;39;36;05
Unknown
Very rarely, in our business for what we do. Do you see these huge storage units on location? Honestly, from a safety perspective, you don't want that much natural gas, right? So it's still highly volatile. So there's a big safety concern. But obviously the equipment that we built and how we manage it, there are a ton of safety protocols built in in order to manage it appropriately.
00;39;36;05 - 00;40;02;16
Unknown
So it's primarily dealt with our trailers, which, you know, we consume directly from the trailer. So you all have a lot of onsite storage ever. Yeah, that's by design. We'll get into some future speak now basically. But how long are we going to do this natural gas and like natural gas to the electric turbine. Like, is that kind of like our end game solution for like a decade, or is there something even better we can figure out?
00;40;02;19 - 00;40;40;04
Unknown
I mean, that's it's tough to say. I think I think what we're seeing now is you're going to see more and more of the equipment transitioned into either being completely natural gas burning or turbine natural gas driven. The hard part is, is the economics around fully electrifying everything everywhere? It's just not there yet. You know, we not only do we not have the power infrastructure in order to manage that in its totality throughout the entire U.S, you know, I think while we have the natural gas here within the United States, we need it.
00;40;40;05 - 00;41;06;22
Unknown
We need to use it. Right? So I think it is a more cost effective and economical thing that we can use now to power these sort of next generation fleets as we're building towards, I guess, more of an electrification. Now. I'm just speaking for me personally, this isn't like a company perspective by any means, but, I think definitely in the next, let's say, 2 to 5 years, I, I personally think that you're going to see the majority of the diesel burning fleets start to disappear.
00;41;06;22 - 00;41;26;22
Unknown
You're going to see more natural gas enabled equipment. But there's really gonna have to be a step change on how we handle the power infrastructure within the entirety of the U.S. Before we see fortification as what I'll say. Sounds like you want to bring up, data centers again. Literally. I stop myself in my head twice and I get like a couple, like a couple seconds.
00;41;26;25 - 00;41;46;00
Unknown
Come on. It's right there, man. Just say not doing it. Just follow the rules about doing it right. All right, well, before the show, you're telling me about, visiting Colorado School of Mines. You did a keynote there, and you got a little bit of feedback of the current generation that's going to be feeding our field. So, what's your takeaway there?
00;41;46;03 - 00;42;17;15
Unknown
Yeah, it was it was interesting. I've done a lot of different college recruiting events throughout my career. This one was definitely, I'll just say there's a lot more anxiety in the room as what I'll say, because, you know, obviously people are seeing what's, what generative AI and agenda AI is doing to the labor market. But I think my my point to the crowd was we still need people to run this, to run this behemoth of an industry.
00;42;17;15 - 00;42;41;23
Unknown
Right. And just because we're leveraging smarter tools doesn't mean that suddenly all the people go away. Right? And, you know, it's an analogy that I used with our mechanics in the field. Our workers. Right. They, you know, originally they were all diesel mechanics. And I remember doing this in a workshop where, you know, they were concerned about some of the new tools that we were rolling out.
00;42;41;23 - 00;43;03;12
Unknown
And I said, okay, how many of you guys are diesel mechanics? And all of them raise their hand? I was like, okay, now that we've rolled out natural gas burning engines, how many of you guys are CNG mechanics? And they all raise their hands? I'm like, see, you just learn new skills. So my sort of my message to them was, hey, is we might not need, let's say traditional engineers.
00;43;03;14 - 00;43;23;01
Unknown
As I was coming out of school, you know, we might not even need traditional, you know, computer science engineers the way Riley was when she came out of school. But what we do need are still innovative thinkers and people who can design and architect. Right? Those are the people that are going to be able to leverage these new tools in ways that probably a different generation might struggle.
00;43;23;03 - 00;43;46;04
Unknown
So I think as long as, you know, people who are coming out of school and they're coming into this industry, they're still sort of that that innovative problem solving mentality, we're always going to have a place for those people. What I think is exciting is the tools that are at their disposal are going to help them go faster and more advanced and a much shorter amount of time.
00;43;46;07 - 00;43;58;06
Unknown
Right. It's not going to take them ten years to get to the point for the right to build a platform. They're going to be able to do it in a week. Right? So that's that's the stuff that I'm excited for. So this next wave of engineers is going to be a very exciting one to watch. Yeah I agree.
00;43;58;08 - 00;44;25;24
Unknown
And with that, you know we want to talk about the next 2 or 5 years. How do we leverage AI. You know, what are you going to set up for these these kids so you can retire and they can take over and tanks and utilize efficiently like you just said? That's a that's a lofty goal. But yeah, no, I think, yeah, it's like I said, I think this last year or so we're at a very interesting time.
00;44;25;24 - 00;44;47;04
Unknown
Right. So with all of the tools that are coming out, I know you're talking beforehand. You know, the adage of like 80% of AI projects fail, right? That's the the common stuff that you see out there. And I think it's because the, the lofty goals that we have sometimes for AI, even a genetic AI is a little bit too far beyond the scope of what we can actually practically implement.
00;44;47;06 - 00;45;11;23
Unknown
So you know what I what I see happening next 2 to 5 years and I see this is what next years focus on is. We're going to evolve very quickly beyond the generative AI use cases. You know, we the search function and what generative AI was able to help us do was only the first step. I think the thing that we're really focused on is how to implement gen, or genetic AI in order to actually take action, right?
00;45;11;23 - 00;45;38;01
Unknown
So generative AI generates you feedback. You can ask it questions. It doesn't do anything. Right. So the example that I use is I'll explain it to my wife. I was like, listen, go ask ChatGPT what the top five restaurants are in in Houston and what ones you'd like the most. Right. And I gave her an answer. I was like a genetic I would be ask it to do that, then ask it to make your reservation and then tell you to order in Uber in order to get you there.
00;45;38;03 - 00;45;56;29
Unknown
Right. And it actually did it. That's a genetic AI. That's what we're looking at. And that's never really going to have an effect of how people work, what people do. And how our customers basically interact with our equipment in the, in the reservoir. And I think in the next 2 to 5 years, you're going to see a huge advancement in that arena.
00;45;57;02 - 00;46;18;28
Unknown
And that's what we're really going to start to understand how much we can automate location and how much feedback we can get from the reservoir in order to change how we operate. And once we start down that road, I'm very excited to see exponentially where we can grow. So, you know, my goal here, the next 2 to 5 years is to have a completely autonomous website.
00;46;19;01 - 00;46;38;21
Unknown
Right? And the only way we're going to be able to achieve that is with implementing these practical solutions. Right? And that's that's really where our focus is. And I think that's what you're going to see this huge leap in technology here over the next 2 to 5 years and beyond. Five years, if anybody can guess what we're going to be at, they need to be in a different office other than mine.
00;46;38;21 - 00;47;03;05
Unknown
So I'll just leave it at that. That's awesome. So you bring up the 80% rule, and that kind of scratches an itch that comes up a lot. And some other people talking points here collide. And people in the comments, I'm actually going to read off a couple of comments based on this rule. I don't think the 80% thing is like, I think it's just a good round number to be like mostly, you know, not all.
00;47;03;06 - 00;47;28;01
Unknown
Oh, yes, I think it is. It's like a coincidence. It looks good on a PowerPoint slide. Exactly. So really, I agree. So a commenter, with Shaq background said AI creates a false sense of security. Find one mistake and you can't trust anything else. It did. She's got an AI assembled data sets where over 20% had major flaws.
00;47;28;06 - 00;47;56;13
Unknown
Is the tech past that or is this still reality? Trust but verify always. Yeah, my people are idiots. So fair enough, fair enough. No, I mean, no, we're not there. It's 100% right every single time. We're not there yet. Right? Which is why, again, going back to my my biggest critics are usually my most experienced people. It doesn't matter if you're in the field, as a pump operator or a mechanic.
00;47;56;13 - 00;48;22;10
Unknown
Honestly, one of my biggest critics about I was, is my senior architect who's who's honestly, he's the brainchild behind the entire platform. I think that's why the version of AI that we have today works best in the hands of experienced people who can actually spot those errors that way, the new people coming behind who can have this, like next generation of AI tools can actually trust it a little bit more.
00;48;22;13 - 00;48;54;09
Unknown
But I'd actually tend to agree. Right. And while I push my team to use code assistant agents, testing agents and things like that, again, it might be a corny saying, but I do it's it's trust but verify, right? I mean, we have to build in governance around this, especially from an enterprise perspective. Or you do get in the case where you get a code posted in open source systems, or you maybe deploy something to production that will crash everything that I mean, there are still anecdotal stories that are very real, that come out about that from major corporations.
00;48;54;09 - 00;49;15;08
Unknown
I mean, it just happened to me anthropic not that long ago. Right? So, I mean, you know, that that does still exist. So what I would say to that person is you are right, but don't let it deter you from using the tools to help the wider initiative. Right. It's no different than a general business user using the application, finding a bug.
00;49;15;11 - 00;49;34;07
Unknown
Did that stop you from using it? No, you reported it. You probably kept using it and you waited for the fix to come treat AI the same way. That's the only way these systems are going to get advanced enough for us to actually trust everything. That's good. Yeah. This guy's good, Yeah, yeah. Told you. You got any good hot takes on AI,
00;49;34;09 - 00;50;02;17
Unknown
Oh, gosh, I don't know. I guess if me and Ben listen to the headlines about AI. Well, if we listen to that lens, we wouldn't have a job because they said AI is going to take all the programing digital jobs and they are saying, fossil fuels are going away, so we'd have nothing left to do. So I don't think I think it's, I think we're putting the cart before the horse a little bit, you know, so silly headlines.
00;50;02;20 - 00;50;22;19
Unknown
Honestly, there's some good ones out there, but, Yeah. I wouldn't put too much stock in that. Yeah. One more question. That seems kind of similar, but we can just see if you can unpack it because you, you killed that first one. Sure. There's a commenter who pushed back on the 80% is good enough. So kind of similar thing framing, she said the real question is two things.
00;50;22;19 - 00;50;51;03
Unknown
How important is the investment the data is feeding? And can you afford the time to do it by hand for 100% certainty? Now that's a good perspective. Honestly. I, I think you have to determine that based off of the use case. Honestly, I think you really do. I, I don't think you can make a blanket statement just saying that we will always either define something as can be automated or must be manual.
00;50;51;05 - 00;51;25;21
Unknown
I think that comes back to, you know, people's trust in certain systems. But the confidence level as to what's acceptable from an AI or an automation standpoint is definitely something that should be discussed with every single use case. You know, for instance, with our equipment, right, things that operate at very high levels of risk in a very, you know, inherently unsafe environment that we have to make safe for our employees is, if 60% confidence level in our models running locally on how that equipment operates, is that good enough?
00;51;25;21 - 00;51;48;04
Unknown
No. Because if that equipment has a malfunction, it could seriously injure somebody, right? So I think to that point, the time and the care that goes into actually making sure that those things are deployed accurately needs to be done to a high level of certainty or a high level of confidence. Right? So the time and investment to get it to 100% is worth it for us in the long run.
00;51;48;04 - 00;52;13;06
Unknown
Right now, that doesn't mean that manual has to be the answer, right? I think we've proven that we can take high risk situations and automate them using AI in order to develop a level of confidence that is, that is kind of comfortable with deployments. So I guess in a roundabout way, I, I hate to answer a question like this because I hear I get response, but it honestly, it just depends.
00;52;13;06 - 00;52;33;14
Unknown
It depends on what you're doing, what the use case is. You're doing it for what you're doing it for. Right. And I mean, there's a there's a touch point ROI there, right, too. I mean, everything has to have value in return, right? Whether it's scalability, whether that's, you know, better cost, better efficiency for us, for the customer, you name it.
00;52;33;14 - 00;52;54;20
Unknown
Right? So it really just depends on what levers you can pull there. But, you know, there could be situations where an 80% confidence level on a decision on a model is good enough because it's low risk. Right? It just it really just depends on the situation. Unfortunately. Awesome. Great way to end it. Keeping, keeping them engaged, keeping them mad because they're still not going to accept it.
00;52;54;23 - 00;53;12;12
Unknown
Oh, I'm sure no one likes that answer. I don't even like that answer. But it's true. Unfortunately, I can't fit all the contacts in a 62nd clip. So you will be taken advantage of. And they will. They will be angry at you even at you explained it in full. And that's the beauty of the internet. Awesome. All right.
00;53;12;12 - 00;53;16;12
Unknown
Well, next here, gang, thanks for coming on today. Thank you for having us. Appreciate it.
